Nâzım Hikmet and Stalinist state terror
Romantic Communist: The Life and Work of Nâzım Hikmet [*], co-authored by Saime Göksu and Edward Timms, is regarded as one of the most comprehensive biographies of Nâzım Hikmet. The book’s foreword was written by Yevgeny Yevtushenko (1932-2017), one of the most internationally renowned figures of Soviet poetry. [**]
An anecdote recounted in the foreword opens a particularly dark window onto Nâzım Hikmet’s position in the Soviet Union and the workings of the Stalinist bureaucracy.
In 1955, Nâzım Hikmet, together with the artist Yuri Vasilyev (1939-1999), invited Yevgeny Yevtushenko to his dacha in Peredelkino, near Moscow. At one point in the conversation, a drunken old man appeared at the door. What followed is best told in Yevtushenko’s own words:
I’ve something “For Christ’s sake forgive me, Nazim -relieve me of my sin... I must tell you.” Violet tears trickled from his hat to the floor. Nazim hauled him up: “Up you get, brother -you don’t have to say a thing.” “No, I’m certainly going to tell you. I’ve been carrying it around with me for so many years and I can’t stand it any more.” Tripping over his words, the newcomer told the story that was tormenting him.
In 1951 Nazim had an official car with a driver put at his sole disposal. The newcomer was that very driver. They became friends, and Nazim had once even been invited to his home. In 1952 the driver had been summoned to the Lubyanka. He was shocked to see Beria himself appear in front of him.
“Do you know who it is you’re driving around?”, Beria asked him. “A Peace Prize winner...a Turkish communist...a great poet...a friend of the Soviet Union...”, answered the bewildered driver. “He’s not a friend of the Soviet Union but an enemy,” muttered Beria, “an experienced enemy who has put on the mask of a revolutionary. He wants to kill Comrade Stalin. But we can’t arrest him-he’s too famous; besides, he’s Turkish. You must help us remove him. How tricky would it be for a good professional driver to stage a realistic-looking accident? We’d have one spy fewer!”
“I can’t believe it,” said the driver. “He’s like a father to me.” “We each only have one father,” said Beria darkly. Next day the driver was called into the Lubyanka again and his agreement was demanded. The driver was given a beating, but he refused to agree. Then his wife was brought into the office, and after that some hardened criminals. “These nice boys haven’t tried out any female flesh for years,” said the policeman, eloquently looking first at them and then at the driver’s wife. The driver got the message and agreed.
Several times he was alerted that the accident was to take place the following day, but for one reason or another it would be postponed at the last minute. Then Stalin died, and Beria was shot. Nazim got a car of his own and no longer needed the official one. His driver went off to drive a taxi -anything to get away from the government that had nearly made him into a murderer. But his guilt towards Nazim burned on inside him, tormented him and gave him no peace: so now he had come to repent.
During this story, which made my blood run cold, I looked at Nazim rather than at the driver. He had the self-control of the real conspirator: not a muscle of his face moved. Or had he maybe guessed it all before? “Lift the sin off my soul,” begged the driver again. “There’s no sin involved,” replied Nazim. “Better have a drink of vodka. My doctors have told me not to, but I reckon I can take a little with the right person. And you, brother, are an honest man. How are your wife and children getting on? I remember her very well. She made nice cherry pastries when I came and visited you.... Incidentally, did you know that the Russian word for cherry, vishnya, comes from Turkish?” None of us had known that. (pp. xx-xxii)
| Yevgeny Yevtushenko |
| Solomon Mikhoels |
What is truly striking is this: to the best of my knowledge, the fact that Nâzım Hikmet narrowly escaped becoming a victim of state terror purely by chance is scarcely discussed in Turkey - particularly within circles that define themselves as socialist or communist. And yet this information appears in the foreword of a book that, by Turkish standards, is a bestseller, there for all to see.
At this point, a number of questions inevitably arise. Is it perhaps assumed that Yevgeny Yevtushenko simply fabricated this story? I have encountered no such claim. Or is it taken for granted that the matter is best brushed aside through a tacit conspiracy of silence - that such “incidents” are best left unexamined? Or is there some other reason for the indifference with which the story Yevtushenko relates is treated?
Whatever the justification, ignoring this story does not merely amount to a refusal to confront the past and the facts; it also means persisting in a refusal to understand why the very idea of socialism has suffered such a profound erosion of credibility over decades.
[*] Saime Göksu and Edward Timms, Romantic Communist: The Life and Work of Nâzım Hikmet, New York, St. Martin’s Press, 1999.
[**] Yevgeni Yevtuşenko, " Great Actor - Pity about the Play!", in Romantic Communist: The Life and Work of Nâzım Hikmet, New York, St. Martin’s Press, 1999, pp. xiii-xxiii.