Contemporary Stalinist “historians”:
Bill Bland (4)
I ended my previous article on Bill Bland by saying that I
would examine “how he denied, with astonishing brazenness, yet another historical
fact established by documentary evidence”.
Let us now turn to that matter.
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| Sheldon Harte |
Our subject is the two attempts to assassinate Leon Trotsky in 1940. The first was an armed raid on Trotsky’s home in Mexico on 24 May. Trotsky and his household miraculously survived the attack; no one was killed during the raid. However, one of Trotsky’s American volunteer guards, Sheldon Harte -who would later be revealed to have been a Stalinist agent- left with the attackers. Harte was subsequently murdered on the orders of a senior NKVD agent in charge of the operation.
The second and more widely known attempt was the ice-axe
attack carried out by Ramón Mercader in Trotsky’s study on 20 August. Trotsky
died of his injuries the following day.
According to Bland, the first attack was a staged
assassination attempt organised by Trotsky himself or by people collaborating
with him, with the aim of discrediting Stalin and the Soviet Union:
It is clear that the Mexican authorities preferred to drop proceedings against the preparators [sic] of the "assault" on Trotsky’s house rather than risk exposure of the fact that the ‘assault’ had been a spurious one, organized by or in collusion with Trotsky.[1]
In his 1994 article “The Assassination of Trotsky”, Bland
repeated this claim and denied any connection between either attack and the
Soviet leadership:
The Trotskyites claim the intrusion into Trotsky’s home in May 1940 was a genuine attempt to assassinate him, and that this and the actual assassination itself in August were both carried out by Soviet agents on Stalin’s orders.
But leaving aside the fact that Marxist-Leninists reject individual terrorism as a legitimate form of struggle, there is no evidence to connect Stalin or the Soviet government with either the phoney attempt or the real assassination.[2]
In Bland’s account, Mercader -the perpetrator of the second, “successful” attack- was not a Soviet agent but a disaffected, disillusioned follower of Trotsky. This portrayal of Mercader was devised during the preparations for the assassination and, after the murder, became one of the principal lies used by Soviet propaganda. Bland repackages this old cover-up story as a historical explanation.
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| Some of the bullet holes left by the first attack. |
Indeed, we might feel justified in ending this article here
by saying that “Bland denied historical facts with breathtaking shamelessness”.
What point could there be in dwelling any further on the claims of someone who
so brazenly denied and distorted obvious facts? If there are people who believe
this nonsense and admire Bland for voicing it, we could simply say: let them
carry on living with the delusions of their own making.
Yet the issue is not merely what Bland believed or how his
followers see him. These claims are still circulated through books, political
publications and social media; readers seeking historical knowledge are
presented with these lies as a Marxist explanation. To leave these claims
unanswered, dismissing them as nonsense unworthy of further attention, would
therefore be to allow historical facts to be displaced by lies and
distortions -however absurd- concocted to exonerate Stalin.
The recycling of an old slander
There is nothing original about Bland’s claim concerning the
May attack. The “self-assault” lie was put forward by the Stalinist press
immediately after the raid and, without any supporting evidence, was parroted
in sections of the Mexican bourgeois press and the international press. Bland
recycled this old Stalinist slander under the guise of “Marxist-Leninist”
historiography and continued to defend it in his 1994 article, more than half a
century after the event.
Moreover, Bland extends this narrative to the conduct of the Mexican authorities. He claims that they halted proceedings against the attackers because they feared it would be revealed that the attack had been staged by Trotsky or in collusion with him. Thus, without presenting any evidence, he also attributes to the Mexican authorities an intention to conceal this supposed plot to discredit Stalin and the Soviet Union.
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| Siqueiros being interrogated. |
Yet the attack was investigated, and the leader of the attackers -the Stalinist Mexican painter David Alfaro Siqueiros- was arrested. He later travelled to Chile on a visa provided by another well-known Stalinist, the poet and diplomat Pablo Neruda. The fact that Siqueiros was released from prison and was able to leave the country does not show that the attack was staged. Rather than address the attacker’s responsibility, however, Bland declares that the intended victim organised the attack.
We are familiar with this method from earlier instalments in
the series. First, it is assumed that Stalin cannot have been responsible; then
events are reconstructed to preserve that assumption. In Dimitrov’s case,
political prestige gained in the struggle against the Nazis was turned into a
supposed indication that he was a Nazi agent. Here, Trotsky -who miraculously
survived a horrific armed attack- is accused of having organised the attack on
himself. The very claim that needs to be proved is taken as fact from the
outset of the narrative.
The rewarded “disaffected follower”
Bland applies the same method to Mercader’s life after his
release from prison:
There is nothing to connect Stalin or Marxist-Leninists with the fact that on his release from his Mexican prison the assassin went to Czechoslovakia. By 1960 Stalin himself had been dead for eight years and Czechoslovakia was ruled by a gang of anti-socialist revisionists.[2]
First, let us correct a minor chronological error: Stalin
died in 1953. By 1960, therefore, seven years had passed since his death, not
eight. But this simple miscalculation is not the main problem with Bland’s
reasoning.
Mercader’s life after his release was not confined to Czechoslovakia. He travelled via Cuba to Czechoslovakia and then on to the Soviet Union. Far from ostracising him, the Soviet leadership awarded him the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and the Order of Lenin under Khrushchev, whom Bland regarded as a treacherous “revisionist”. He later settled in Cuba and, in 1974, began working as an adviser in the Cuban Ministry of the Interior. He died in Havana in 1978. Trotsky’s supposedly disillusioned follower spent the rest of his life under the patronage of Stalinist regimes and even held a post in the state apparatus of one of them.
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| Ramón Mercader with Fidel Castro’s elder brother, Ramón Castro, in Cuba. |
Instead of examining the historical connections, Bland uses
his own political classifications as grounds for denying them. Responsibility
for what was done under Stalin’s rule is shifted onto “hidden revisionists”,
while the connections that emerged after Stalin’s death are attributed to overt
“revisionists”. In every case, Stalin is absolved of responsibility.
From all this, Bland draws the following conclusion:
There is, therefore, no truth whatsoever in the theory that in 1940 Trotsky represented any kind of threat to Stalin and his aims.[2]
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| .Ramón Mercader’s grave in Kuntsevo Cemetery, Moscow. He is buried under the name Ramón Ivanovich López. |
This claim by Bland also directly contradicts the narrative of the Moscow show trials, which he himself defended. In those trials, Trotsky was portrayed as the head of an international conspiracy organising acts of sabotage and assassinations to overthrow the Soviet leadership. Yet Bland maintains that by 1940 Trotsky posed no threat whatsoever to Stalin or his aims. How, then, can these two accounts be reconciled? On what grounds can one conclude that Trotsky, portrayed at the trials as such a grave danger, posed no threat at all just a few years later? The explanation Bland offers to exonerate Stalin thus raises questions about the very official narrative he defends.
Bland uses the same method to defend Stalin in every example
we have examined in these four articles. Rather than assessing Stalin’s
responsibility on the basis of historical research, he assumes from the outset
that Stalin bore no responsibility and reshapes history accordingly. People who
do not fit this assumption are recast as hidden enemies, documents are reduced
to insignificant details, and political murders are turned into plots devised
by the opposing side.
We cannot know with certainty whether Bland truly believed
what he said. Yet what matters in historical scholarship is not the author’s
sincerity but how his claims relate to the evidence and how he deals with the
facts he encounters. Sincerely believing a claim does not make it historically
true, nor does it excuse denying facts established by documentary evidence.
[1] Bill Bland, The Restoration of Capitalism in the
Soviet Union. Online text: oneparty.co.uk.
[2] Bill Bland, “The Assassination of Trotsky”, February
1994, Marxists Internet Archive.
Concluded
Contemporary Stalinist “historians”: Bill Bland (1)











